明季内忧外患、政治腐败,促使士大夫对传统理学和现实政治进行反思和批判。随着各种思潮的激荡,社会风气渐趋开放。商品经济的发展带来了注重物欲的观念,一些政治失意的士大夫,通过蓄娼纳妓来消除内心的痛苦,寻求精神的安慰,遂成一时风气。然而她们并未因从良使其社会地位有所改变,事实上她们仍是丈夫附属品。 In the course of the next quarter, both inside and outside the country, political corruption has prompted Scholars to rethink and criticize traditional Neo-Confucianism and real politics. With the agitation of various thoughts, the social ethos is becoming more and more open. The development of the commodity economy has brought about the concept of materialism. Some politically frustrated doctors and scholar-officials, through the prostitution of prostitutes to eliminate inner pain and seek spiritual comfort, have become a trend of the time. However, they did not change their social status due to obedience. In fact, they are still husband attachments.