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目的：探讨格林巴利综合征（ＧＢＳ）腓神经活检的光、电镜表现与临床诊断及预后的关系。方法：对２６例ＧＢＳ患者腓神经活检进行了光镜及电镜观察。结果：有髓神经纤维均呈不同程度的减少、退行性变及脱髓鞘。在病变早期髓鞘改变呈松解、变形、断裂及多层状，部分增厚突向轴浆内。严重者则髓鞘呈空泡化、空网状及形成髓球状，并挤压及占据整个轴浆，部分轴索变性坏死及葱头样肥大神经改变。雪旺细胞增生及无髓神经纤维减少及萎缩。毛细血管内皮细胞增生及细胞连接增宽等。间质内可见吞噬细胞、淋巴细胞浸润。病理形态改变与临床病程长短及患者感觉障碍均有相关性。结论：对ＧＢＳ患者腓神经活检的光镜及电镜观察可以作为临床诊断ＧＢＳ及判断预后的指标之一。
Objective: To investigate the relationship between light, electron microscopy and clinical diagnosis and prognosis of perineurial biopsy in patients with Greenland-Barre Syndrome (GBS). Methods: The peroneal nerve biopsies of 26 patients with GBS were observed by light microscope and electron microscope. Results: Myelinated nerve fibers were reduced to varying degrees, degeneration and demyelination. Myelin lesions in the early lesions were loosening, deformation, fracture and multi-layered, part of the thickening protruding axial pulp. In severe cases, myelin vacuolization, empty network and the formation of myeloid, and squeeze and occupy the entire axoplasma, part of axonal degeneration and necrosis and onion-like hypertrophy. Schwann cell proliferation and unmyelinated nerve fiber reduction and atrophy. Capillary endothelial cell proliferation and cell connection broadening. Interstitial visible phagocytic cells, lymphocyte infiltration. Pathological changes and the length of the clinical course and patients with sensory disturbance are related. Conclusion: The light and electron microscopic examination of peroneal nerve biopsy in GBS patients can be used as one of the indicators of clinical diagnosis of GBS and prognosis.