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氨基糖苷类抗生素因具肾毒性作用,而限制其广泛应用,至今未见能早期发现这种毒性作用的简单试验方法。曾报告过几种方法,包括测定尿中因近曲小管受损而释放的溶酶体酶,如N-乙酰β-D-葡萄糖胺酶(NAG),丙氨酸氨肽酶,β-半乳糖苷酶以及γ-谷酰基转肽酶或者测定β_2-微球蛋白(β_2-M)。当近曲小管受损后,上述酶类重吸收减少,尿中排泄可能增加。但这些酶类的检出和定量很复杂,超出医院实验室常规工作范围。
Aminoglycoside antibiotics because of nephrotoxicity, which limits its widespread use, so far no early test to find the toxicity of this test method. Several methods have been reported, including the determination of lysosomal enzymes released in urine due to damage of proximal tubule, such as N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase, Lactosidase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase or β_2-microglobulin (β_2-M). When the proximal convoluted tubule is damaged, the enzyme reabsorption is reduced, urinary excretion may increase. However, the detection and quantification of these enzymes are complex and beyond the routine work of hospital laboratories.