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小学自然常识第四册《摩擦起电》一课,安排了三个实验。为此,我们采用土办法自制摩擦起电实验装置,收到较好效果。下面分别介绍一下原材料和制作方法。(1)找一块废有机玻璃,裁下两块长12cm,宽1—1.5cm 的玻璃片;废牙刷两把(颜色相同,透明);旧丝绸和塑料薄膜各一块,一尺见方即可。有机玻璃与丝绸摩擦带正电,牙刷把与丝绸摩擦带负电。塑料薄膜与有机玻璃摩擦也带负电,但它比丝绸摩擦起电要快一些,适于做“同种电互相排斥”的实验。
In the fourth book “Frictional electrification” in the fourth lesson of natural science in primary schools, three experiments were arranged. For this reason, we used the indigenous method to create a frictional electrification experimental device and received good results. The following describes the raw materials and production methods. (1) To find a piece of waste plexiglass, cut two pieces of glass with a length of 12cm and a width of 1-1.5cm; two waste toothbrushes (the same color and transparent); one piece of old silk and plastic film, and one foot can be seen. The friction between plexiglass and silk is positive and the toothbrush rubs negatively with silk. The friction between the plastic film and the plexiglass is also negatively charged, but it is faster than the friction of the silk and is suitable for the experiment of “mutual electromutation of the same kind”.