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目的探讨早期不同营养方式喂养对大鼠能量代谢和行为的影响。方法应用小窝鼠模型模拟哺乳期营养过度的环境,形成过度喂养组(small litter,SL组,每窝3只)或正常喂养组(normal litter,NL组,每窝10只)。3w断奶后给予高脂膳食喂养至13w模拟断乳后过度喂养环境,分为正常喂养组(NL)、哺乳期过度喂养组(SL)、断乳后过度喂养组(NL-HF)和持续过度喂养组(SL-HF)共4组。每周测量体质量及摄食量,分别于3w及13w用间接测热法检测大鼠总能量消耗,代谢测量分析系统分析大鼠摄食行为及运动情况。结果断乳时SL组总能量消耗显著低于NL组(P<0.05),且持续至成年,而两组运动量无明显差异(P>0.05)。断乳后高脂膳食也显著降低大鼠能量消耗水平,同时大鼠总运动量显著降低(P<0.05),而持续过度喂养组大鼠能量摄入、单餐摄食量及进食速度均明显高于其他各组大鼠(P<0.05)。结论哺乳期过度喂养和断乳后高脂饮食均降低机体的能量代谢水平。而持续过度喂养大鼠还出现明显的行为改变,导致更为严重的肥胖和胰岛素抵抗。
Objective To investigate the effect of early different feeding ways on energy metabolism and behavior in rats. Methods The model of nursery was used to simulate the overeating environment during lactation. The mice were over-fed group (small litter, SL group, 3 per litter) or normal litter (NL group, 10 litters per litter). 3w after weaning fed a high-fat diet to 13w simulated after weaning overfeeding environment, divided into normal feeding group (NL), overfeeding lactation group (SL), after weaning overfeeding group (NL-HF) and continued excessive Feeding group (SL-HF) a total of 4 groups. Body mass and food intake were measured weekly. The total energy expenditure of rats was measured by indirect calorimetry at 3w and 13w respectively. Metabolic analysis system was used to analyze rats’ feeding behavior and exercise status. Results At weaning, the total energy expenditure of SL group was significantly lower than that of NL group (P <0.05), and continued to adulthood, while there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). After weaning, the high-fat diet also significantly reduced the level of energy expenditure and the total amount of exercise in rats was significantly decreased (P <0.05), while the energy intake, single-meal intake and food intake rate of rats in continuous overfeeding group were significantly higher than Other rats in each group (P <0.05). Conclusion Over-feeding and post-weaning high-fat diet all reduce the body’s energy metabolism. Significant behavioral changes also occurred in rats that were overexpressed continuously, resulting in more severe obesity and insulin resistance.