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本文采用我国30个省份1998～2012年的数据，通过面板数据模型考察了我国R&D投入强度和政府R&D投入对经济增长的影响和传导机制。研究表明，R&D强度对我国经济增长具有显著的正向促进作用；政府R&D投入对我国经济增长具有负效应。在此基础上，本文通过面板数据模型考察了R&D投入对经济增长的影响机制。研究表明，R&D投入强度通过提高全要素生产率和投资率促进经济增长，政府R&D投入对全要素生产率和投资率都有负向影响。根据上述结论，本文提出促进我国创新型国家建设的对策建议。“,”This paper explores the effect of R&D intensity and government R&D expenditure on economic growth and its transmission mechanism with the data of 1998—2012 of the 30 provinces through the panel data model. We ifnd that R&D intensity has positive effect on economic growth, whereas government R&D expenditure decreases economic growth. In addition, we explore the transmission mechanism of R&D investment on economic growth. We ifnd that R&D intensity can increase economic growth through the channel of its positive effect on total factor productivity and investment ratio, whereas government R&D expenditure has negative effect on both total factor productivity and investment ratio. According to the empirical analysis results, we propose policy implications to enhance China’s process to build the innovation-driven economy.