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目的分析2004-2015年西安市15岁以下人群的乙肝流行特征,为制定有针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2004-2015年西安市15岁以下人群的乙肝资料进行分析,采用SPSS19.0进行数据分析。结果 2004-2015西安市共累计报告15岁以下人群乙肝病例2 310例,年均发病率为15.47/10万,2005-2015年发病率整体呈下降趋势(X_(趋势)~2=2 783.784,P<0.001);西安市中心地区(15.33/10万)和城郊结合区(19.38/10万)均比郊区(12.31/10万)的年均发病率高;13~14岁年龄组发病率最高(28.47/10万),其次是<1岁组(26.84/10万);2010-2015年293例乙肝病例的免疫史中,全程免疫接种占54.95%,首针24小时及时接种率为72.35%。结论西安市15岁以下人群乙肝发病有明显下降趋势。应进一步加强乙肝疫苗接种工作,特别要提高新生儿乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率和全程接种率,同时加强乙肝监测,对HBs Ag阳性母亲积极开展孕期抗病毒药物治疗,加快控制乙肝。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in people under 15 years of age in Xi’an from 2004 to 2015 and provide scientific evidence for the development of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of hepatitis B in Xi’an under the age of 15 from 2004 to 2015. The data were analyzed by SPSS19.0. Results A total of 2 310 hepatitis B cases were reported in Xi’an city from 2004 to 2015, with an average annual incidence rate of 15.47 / 100 000. The overall incidence in 2005-2015 showed a downward trend (X_ (trend) ~ 2 = 2 783.784) P <0.001). The annual average incidence rate in the central area of Xi’an (15.33 / 100000) and the suburban area (19.38 / 100000) was higher than that in the suburbs (12.31 / 100000). The highest incidence was found in the 13-14 age group (28.47 / 100000), followed by <1 year old group (26.84 / 100000); among the immunization history of 293 hepatitis B cases from 2010 to 2015, the whole immunization accounted for 54.95%, the first 24 hours of the first needle inoculation rate was 72.35% . Conclusion The incidence of hepatitis B in Xi’an under 15 years old has obviously decreased. Hepatitis B vaccination should be further strengthened, in particular, to improve the timely immunization coverage rate and full vaccination rate of newborns with hepatitis B vaccine and strengthen the monitoring of hepatitis B, and actively carry out anti-viral drug therapy during pregnancy to HBsAg-positive mothers to speed up the control of hepatitis B.