职业教育普通化,普通教育职业化,这是苏联近年教育改革的一个主要问题.提出这个问题,显而易见是要加强职业技术教育中的普通教育,在五十年代后期,苏联曾作过普及职业技术教育的尝试,由于侧重在“能够进行体力劳动”上,降低了“有学术”的要求,使教学质量大大下降.苏联在一九八四年的教育改革的方案中规定,到一九九○年所有的职业技术学校都要逐步过渡到中等职业技术学校,打通普通中等教育和职业教育之间的界线,学生成绩好的可报考相应专业的日课制高校.美国国家科学委员会一九八三年在《培养美国人迎接二十一世纪》为题的报告中说,委员会“大多数认为目前需要‘可培训’的青年,就是说,随着社会的变革,他有继续学习新事物的能力.教给学生一种特殊的技能而不给他打好扎实的普通教育的 The generalization of vocational education and the generalization of general education are a major issue in the educational reform in the Soviet Union in recent years. It is obvious that this issue needs to be reinforced by general education in vocational and technical education. In the late 1950s, Attempts at education, due to their emphasis on “being able to carry out manual labor,” have lowered the demand for “academic education” and greatly lowered the quality of teaching. The Soviet Union’s program of education reform in 1984 stipulated that by 1990, All vocational and technical schools should gradually transition to secondary vocational and technical schools, to open up the line between general secondary education and vocational education, students with good grades can apply for the corresponding professional day course colleges and universities. The National Science Council of the United States 1983 In his report “Fostering Americans to Meet the Twenty-first Century,” in January, the commission said “most of the young people who now think they need to be” trainable "means that as the society changes, he has the ability to continue learning new things Teach students a special skill without giving him a solid general education