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本文采集了3种典型的富锰沉积物样品,即岩石漆、树枝晶与土壤铁锰胶膜,并制作了相应的纵切片。运用光学显微镜、原位微区拉曼光谱仪、扫描电镜、EDX能谱仪分别对其形貌学与矿物学特征进行了研究。结果表明岩石漆呈黑色致密层状、葡萄状,主要由水钠锰矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、粘土矿物等组成,是一种高度混杂的沉积物。宏观上岩石漆与基岩有截然的接触面,发育有微层理结构,在微观上的表现即锰含量的周期性波动。树枝晶呈黑色分枝状,主要由锰钡矿组成,极端富锰而贫硅铝,与基质呈交织结构。土壤铁锰胶膜呈黑色粘稠层状,由水钠锰矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、钛铁矿、粘土矿物等组成,可细分为外层黑褐色的富锰条带和内层黄棕色的富铁条带。这3种富锰沉积物的形貌学和元素分布特征与各自的成因机制密切相关。
In this paper, three typical samples of manganese-rich sediments were collected, namely rock paint, dendrite and soil ferromanganese film, and the corresponding longitudinal slices were made. Morphology and mineralogical characteristics were studied by optical microscope, in-situ Raman microspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and EDX EDS. The results show that the lacquer is black, dense and grainy, and mainly composed of birnessite, hematite, goethite and clay minerals. It is a highly mixed sediment. Macroscopically, the rock paint has a clear contact with the bedrock and a microlayer structure develops. The microscopic view shows the periodic fluctuation of the manganese content. Dendrites are black branched, mainly composed of manganese barium ore, extremely rich in manganese and poor silicon-aluminum, was interwoven with the matrix structure. Soil ferromanganese film was black viscous layer, the birnessite, hematite, goethite, ilmenite, clay minerals, etc., can be subdivided into outer dark brown manganese-rich bands and the inner layer Yellow-brown iron band. The morphology and elemental distribution of these three Mn-rich sediments are closely related to their respective genesis mechanisms.