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为了解HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗免疫后，乙肝病毒再感染的状况和转归，为乙肝免疫策略提供依据．选择湘潭市和正定县现场829例HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿作为观察对象，进行了平均10～11年的随访．结果首次检查有6例HBsAg阳性，7例抗-HBc阳性，均发生在农村现场，在那里首针免疫时间为101天．据此推测，上述感染很可能是发生在免疫之前．在随访中共发现17例执-HBc阳转，其中6例变为持续阳性。抗-HBc阳转者的持续阳性率为0.72％（6／829）．随访中未发现任何HBsAg阳转者．这表明，HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿，在乙肝疫苗免疫后HBV再感染的机率很低（0.72％），而且多为一过性（11／17）．对此种再感染的性质做了讨论．
In order to understand the status and outcome of hepatitis B virus re-infection after neonatal hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination of HBsAg-negative mothers, this study provides the basis for hepatitis B immunization strategy. A total of 829 newborns with HBsAg-negative mothers at the site of Xiangtan City and Zhengding County were selected as the observation subjects and followed up for an average of 10 to 11 years. Results The first examination of 6 cases of HBsAg positive, 7 cases of anti-HBc positive, all occurred in rural areas, where the first needle immunization time was 101 days. Presumably, the above infection is likely to occur before immunization. During the follow-up, 17 cases of persistent positive-HBc were found, among which 6 cases became persistent positive. The sustained positive rate of anti-HBc positive was 0.72% (6/829). No HBsAg positive mothers were found during follow-up. This indicates that neonates with HBsAg-negative mothers have a very low probability (0.72%) of HBV reinfection after the hepatitis B vaccine immunization and are mostly transient (11/17). The nature of this re-infection is discussed.