运用文献整理的方法,梳理了宋明两代大量史书、文集、笔记中与武学相关的资料,从生源、教学内容、管理机构与办法、学制以及其在教育体系中的地位,通过比较分析宋明武学的特点,指出明代武学的完备是在宋代武学的基础和不足上建立起来的,并形成了自己的特色。宋明武学的异同,既是文武分途的趋势使然,又是我国“文治”社会进一步完善的表现,不是“尚武”精神的表现,也是中央集权加强的必然。宋明武学的实效都未能实现其初衷,故又遭到严厉的批判,但其制度史意义不容小视,它对我国近现代的军事教育依然有借鉴价值。 By means of literature review, the author has sorted out a great deal of data related to martial arts in a large number of historical books, anthologies and notes in the Song and Ming dynasties. From the sources of students, the content of teaching, the institutions and methods of management, the educational system and their status in the education system, Song Ming Wuxue characteristics, pointed out that the perfect martial art of the Ming Dynasty was established on the basis of the Song Dynasty and lack of martial arts, and formed its own characteristics. The similarities and differences between the Song and Ming Wushu schools are not only the result of the separation of civil and military routes, but also the further perfection of the society in our country. It is not the manifestation of the “Shang Wu” spirit but also the inevitability of the centralization of state power. However, the actual results of the Song and Ming Wushu schools failed to realize their original purpose, so they were severely criticized again. However, the significance of the history of the system should not be underestimated. It still has reference value to the modern military education in our country.