论文部分内容阅读
摘 要:阅读理解文章主要是理解中心意思。重点是记叙文和议论文。记叙文记人记事为主旨服务,哲理性的语言即文章的主要的思想;议论文的论点是具有概括性的语句,它为文章的主旨。推理文要从语言的表面,揣测作者的深层含义。
关键词:阅读;记叙文;议论文;主旨大意
如何用最少的时间和精力提高学生阅读的能力呢?新课标中指出:“阅读技能的教学目的是培养语感;特别强调培养学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力。”’故阅读主要是理解文章主旨大意,了解重点细节, 通过细节去推理判断作者的态度,写作的目的;新课标指明了阅读的方法和目的,高考主要是围绕这些要求而命题的,以下对主旨大意题的阅读技能进行探究。
记叙文:纯记叙文通常有一条或两条线索(一主一次),通常以事物,人物,时间,感情为线索,分为记人或记事,线索是文章的经脉,理清了,文章的来龙去脉就一目了然。作者记叙人物,事件,感情,貌似很散,其实他必须要表明文章的主要意思,即(main idea),亦是他写作的目的。高考考查主旨大意题的词句通常有:1、What is the passage about?/mainly about /main idea ? 2、The best title is…3、The writer is aimed at…/intended to …? 4The purpose of the writer is…? 记叙文的篇章通常是先总后分,即先说文章的主旨,后叙人事;如文章 Many parents don’t love to read to their children. But there are so many professionals and PhDs doing the opposite thing. And they really promote reading to children, which is so good for children.(总--主旨)I have found that this is true with my children. Children enjoy sitting on your lap while your voice flows over them. Sometimes children are laughing sometimes they are sobbing when listening . They are caught up in the story… (分) 或先分后总,即先叙事,后说文章的主要意思: I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spend on books . I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspective (观点) by creating worlds we could step into ,take part in and live in(分)….At 14, I decided to become a writer…(总--主旨) 在夹叙夹议的文章中,要分清哪些是事实,哪些是观点,纯粹是记事的,是事实;含有哲理性的话是观点,是说理。说理就是文章的升华,说理是依据事实要说明一个道理,哲理,这就是作者写作的目的,作者不会为了记事而记事,他一定是为了说明一个真善美的哲理,比如,Module 4 Unit 1 Why not carry on her good work?描述了林巧稚在治病救人方面所取得的成就。笔者最后点破主题——Women can make great achievements through their own efforts. 此乃哲理,是文章的升华, 即作者的写作意图。此是研究作者写作的深度。
议论文:作者列出他的论点和论据。论点,即中心思想,它是具有概括性,总结性的语句,通常在标题,首尾段。论据是用来论证的,它支撑,扩展论点的,是为说理服务的。要先学会判断主题句和论证句。主题句:He is hardworking.论证句:He always gets up very early; He often goes to bed very late.等于2=1+1.往往每段首句是主题句。再如 Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it. Recite and repeat in conversation .When you hear a person’s name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that doesn’t sound forced or artificial.显然第一段是主题段, 记住名字是一个重要的社交技能,下面谈谈掌握这一技能的巧门。之后,文章就此张开,第二段首句记忆并重复他人名字,是具有概括性的语句,接着张开阐释如何记忆和重复他人名字。主题段和主题句在这篇文章里体现清晰。有些文章的主题段可能在文章中间,用此方法去解题,迎刃而解。没有明显主题句,段的文章我们要根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括主旨大意。
议论文的主支: 推理文, 推理判断常用infer, imply ,suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean...来要设置题目,我们要根据文章的信息,归纳中心意思,挖掘深层含义,不要脱离原文,凭个人的看法主观臆断。而是要全面分析文章中的主要的信息,通常是根据文章的主题思想,以作者的立场分析推理,依据句子之间的逻辑关系来体会作者所要表达的内在含义。 文人通常较含蓄,不直接表白,而是通过上下文字里行间的褒贬词来表达他的写作意图和态度, 而 此乃文章的主要思想。 如 … …And What’s wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? . One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people, get idea that it’s ok not to be totally honest all the time There is a corollary (直接推论) to that: if a good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth?
What is the author’s opinion implied about a good excuse?
怎么推理出:Bitter truth is better than a good excuse.
从And What’s wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? 这一句较难,不好理解,(可分解几小句),但下文有明显的尾句,“ if a good excuse is ‘good’, where is the place of the truth “ .编制美丽借口的社会有问题,它使人们不诚实,而且真话无所存在。可见,作者虽不明确表明态度,但通过下文的字里行间,作者对编制借口不赞成。故选项应是D.做到判断有据,推断有理,此乃探究阅读的深度。阅读时 抓住关键信息,排除辅助信息,灵活应对长句,难句,先浏览问题选项,不必过多纠缠无关的信息,与题目相关的找出句子的主谓语,主从句,在弄清句子的附近成分;难题易做,有些题目看似很难,其实只要抓住文章中相关内容,题目迎刃而解;易题难做,有些文章语言虽然浅显易懂,但寓意深刻,所以不要掉以轻心,透过表层的意思,联系上下文,理解作者的用意和文章的寓意。
运用以上的阅读技巧,提高了阅读题的解题能力, 起到事半功倍的作用。学生解题兴趣大有提高 ,喜爱参与和合作,课堂气氛活跃了; 有助于提高阅读能力和处理信息的能力,学生的素质亦以提高。
参考文献:
[1] 2003年中华人民共和国教育部 《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》 北京人民教育出版社.
[2]《探索高中英语阅读教学模式之转变》-- 杨雅静.
[3] 《高考英语阅读理解“推理判断”题解题策略》--黄聚宝 .
关键词:阅读;记叙文;议论文;主旨大意
如何用最少的时间和精力提高学生阅读的能力呢?新课标中指出:“阅读技能的教学目的是培养语感;特别强调培养学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力。”’故阅读主要是理解文章主旨大意,了解重点细节, 通过细节去推理判断作者的态度,写作的目的;新课标指明了阅读的方法和目的,高考主要是围绕这些要求而命题的,以下对主旨大意题的阅读技能进行探究。
记叙文:纯记叙文通常有一条或两条线索(一主一次),通常以事物,人物,时间,感情为线索,分为记人或记事,线索是文章的经脉,理清了,文章的来龙去脉就一目了然。作者记叙人物,事件,感情,貌似很散,其实他必须要表明文章的主要意思,即(main idea),亦是他写作的目的。高考考查主旨大意题的词句通常有:1、What is the passage about?/mainly about /main idea ? 2、The best title is…3、The writer is aimed at…/intended to …? 4The purpose of the writer is…? 记叙文的篇章通常是先总后分,即先说文章的主旨,后叙人事;如文章 Many parents don’t love to read to their children. But there are so many professionals and PhDs doing the opposite thing. And they really promote reading to children, which is so good for children.(总--主旨)I have found that this is true with my children. Children enjoy sitting on your lap while your voice flows over them. Sometimes children are laughing sometimes they are sobbing when listening . They are caught up in the story… (分) 或先分后总,即先叙事,后说文章的主要意思: I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spend on books . I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspective (观点) by creating worlds we could step into ,take part in and live in(分)….At 14, I decided to become a writer…(总--主旨) 在夹叙夹议的文章中,要分清哪些是事实,哪些是观点,纯粹是记事的,是事实;含有哲理性的话是观点,是说理。说理就是文章的升华,说理是依据事实要说明一个道理,哲理,这就是作者写作的目的,作者不会为了记事而记事,他一定是为了说明一个真善美的哲理,比如,Module 4 Unit 1 Why not carry on her good work?描述了林巧稚在治病救人方面所取得的成就。笔者最后点破主题——Women can make great achievements through their own efforts. 此乃哲理,是文章的升华, 即作者的写作意图。此是研究作者写作的深度。
议论文:作者列出他的论点和论据。论点,即中心思想,它是具有概括性,总结性的语句,通常在标题,首尾段。论据是用来论证的,它支撑,扩展论点的,是为说理服务的。要先学会判断主题句和论证句。主题句:He is hardworking.论证句:He always gets up very early; He often goes to bed very late.等于2=1+1.往往每段首句是主题句。再如 Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it. Recite and repeat in conversation .When you hear a person’s name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that doesn’t sound forced or artificial.显然第一段是主题段, 记住名字是一个重要的社交技能,下面谈谈掌握这一技能的巧门。之后,文章就此张开,第二段首句记忆并重复他人名字,是具有概括性的语句,接着张开阐释如何记忆和重复他人名字。主题段和主题句在这篇文章里体现清晰。有些文章的主题段可能在文章中间,用此方法去解题,迎刃而解。没有明显主题句,段的文章我们要根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括主旨大意。
议论文的主支: 推理文, 推理判断常用infer, imply ,suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean...来要设置题目,我们要根据文章的信息,归纳中心意思,挖掘深层含义,不要脱离原文,凭个人的看法主观臆断。而是要全面分析文章中的主要的信息,通常是根据文章的主题思想,以作者的立场分析推理,依据句子之间的逻辑关系来体会作者所要表达的内在含义。 文人通常较含蓄,不直接表白,而是通过上下文字里行间的褒贬词来表达他的写作意图和态度, 而 此乃文章的主要思想。 如 … …And What’s wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? . One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people, get idea that it’s ok not to be totally honest all the time There is a corollary (直接推论) to that: if a good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth?
What is the author’s opinion implied about a good excuse?
怎么推理出:Bitter truth is better than a good excuse.
从And What’s wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? 这一句较难,不好理解,(可分解几小句),但下文有明显的尾句,“ if a good excuse is ‘good’, where is the place of the truth “ .编制美丽借口的社会有问题,它使人们不诚实,而且真话无所存在。可见,作者虽不明确表明态度,但通过下文的字里行间,作者对编制借口不赞成。故选项应是D.做到判断有据,推断有理,此乃探究阅读的深度。阅读时 抓住关键信息,排除辅助信息,灵活应对长句,难句,先浏览问题选项,不必过多纠缠无关的信息,与题目相关的找出句子的主谓语,主从句,在弄清句子的附近成分;难题易做,有些题目看似很难,其实只要抓住文章中相关内容,题目迎刃而解;易题难做,有些文章语言虽然浅显易懂,但寓意深刻,所以不要掉以轻心,透过表层的意思,联系上下文,理解作者的用意和文章的寓意。
运用以上的阅读技巧,提高了阅读题的解题能力, 起到事半功倍的作用。学生解题兴趣大有提高 ,喜爱参与和合作,课堂气氛活跃了; 有助于提高阅读能力和处理信息的能力,学生的素质亦以提高。
参考文献:
[1] 2003年中华人民共和国教育部 《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》 北京人民教育出版社.
[2]《探索高中英语阅读教学模式之转变》-- 杨雅静.
[3] 《高考英语阅读理解“推理判断”题解题策略》--黄聚宝 .