《中国教育改革和发展纲要》明确指出:“中小学要由‘应试教育’转向全面提高国民素质的轨道,面向全体学生,全面提高学生的思想道德、文化科学、劳动技能和身体心理等素质,促进学生生动活泼地发展。”从这一观点中我们可以得到三方面的启示:一是基础教育必须坚持素质教育,摒弃应试教育;二是素质教育观的核心要面向全体学生,促使学生个体在德、智、体诸方面全面和谐的发展;三是素质教育具体包括政治思想品德素质教育、文化科学技术素质教育、劳动技能素质教育、身心素质教育等。中小学基础教育由“应试教育”转向提高全民族素 The “China’s Education Reform and Development Program” clearly states: “Primary and secondary schools should shift from ’test-oriented education’ to an overall improvement of the quality of the people’s track, to all students, and to improve students’ ideological and moral, cultural science, labor skills and physical and psychological quality. Promote students to lively and lively development.” From this point of view, we can get three aspects of enlightenment: First, basic education must adhere to quality education, abandon exam-oriented education; Second, the core of quality education must be oriented to all students, to promote individual students All aspects of moral, intellectual, and physical development are all in harmony; Third, quality education includes the education of political ideology and morality, the education of cultural science and technology, the education of labor skills, and the education of physical and mental quality. Primary and Secondary Elementary Education Diverted from ”Exam-Oriented Education" to Raising Nationalities