目的分析天津市河东区2015年初、高中应届毕业生近视患病率。方法本院眼科2015年3—4月对天津市河东区2015年所有初、高中应届在校毕业生进行视力、色觉检查,初中年龄15~16岁,高中年龄17~19岁,所有受检者在检查前1天不戴眼镜(角膜接触镜或框架镜)。有1眼裸眼视力<5.0为异常并给予插片主觉验光,记录矫正度数。矫正视力不理想者检查裂隙灯和眼底。按照<-3.00为轻度近视,≥-3.00,<-6.00为中度近视,≥-6.00为高度近视,进行统计分析。结果所有受检者5 821人,视力良好为742人(12.75%),视力不良为5 079人(87.25%)。其中女生近视人数2 666人(89.55%),男生近视人数2 403人(84.49%)。高三学生3 278人,其中视力良好384人(11.71%),男生233人(14.31%),女生151人(9.15%);视力不良2 894人(88.29%),非屈光性2人,屈光性2 892人;单纯因为近视或近视散光视力不良为2 890人(88.16%),男生为1 391人(85.44%),女生1 499人(90.85%)。初三学生2 543人,其中视力良好358人(14.08%),男生198人(16.28%),女生160人(12.06%);视力不良2 185人(85.92%),非屈光性4人,屈光性2 181人(85.76%);单纯近视或近视散光视力不良为2 179人(85.69%),其中男生1 012人(83.22%),女生1 167人(87.94%)。高三近视或近视散光患病率高于初三,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=43.119,P<0.05)。高中女生患病率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=29.369,P<0.05)。初中女生患病率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=20.524,P<0.05)。结论初、高中应届毕业生中近视患病率较高。并且:高中>初中,初中女生>初中男生,高中女生>高中男生。 Objective To analyze the prevalence of myopia of high school graduates in early 2015 in Hedong District of Tianjin. Methods Ophthalmology of our hospital From March to April 2015, eyesight and color vision of all the freshmen and middle school graduates from 2015 to 2015 in Hedong District of Tianjin City were examined. The junior middle school aged 15-16 years and the senior high school aged 17-19 years old, all subjects Do not wear glasses (contact lens or frame mirror) 1 day before the test. There is a uncorrected visual acuity of <5.0 for the abnormal and give inserts optometry, record the degree of correction. Corrected vision is not ideal to check slit lamp and fundus. According to <-3.00 for mild myopia, ≥-3.00, <-6.00 for moderate myopia, ≥-6.00 for high myopia, statistical analysis. Results A total of 5 821 subjects were examined, 742 (12.75%) were visually impaired, and 5 079 (87.25%) were visually impaired. The number of girls with myopia was 2 666 (89.55%), and the number of boys with myopia was 2 403 (84.49%). There were 3 278 senior high school students, of whom 384 (11.71%) had good eyesight, 233 (14.31%) boys and 151 (9.15%) girls, 2,894 eyes (88.29%) with poor eyesight, 2 There were 2,892 people with light (2,892), 1 391 (85.44%) boys and 1 499 girls (90.85%), respectively, because of myopia or myopic astigmatism. There were 2 543 third-year students, of whom 358 (14.08%) had good eyesight, 198 (16.28%) boys and 160 girls (12.06%), 2 185 eyes (85.92%) with poor eyesight, 2 181 (85.76%) had refraction, 2 179 eyes (85.69%) had simple myopia or myopic astigmatism, of which 1 012 were boys (83.22%) and 1 167 were girls (87.94%). The prevalence of myopia or myopic astigmatism in the third year was higher than that in the third day, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 43.119, P <0.05). The prevalence of high school girls was higher than that of boys, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 29.369, P <0.05). The prevalence of junior high school girls was higher than that of boys, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 20.524, P <0.05). Conclusions Early and high school graduates have a higher prevalence of myopia. And: high school> junior high school, junior high school girls> junior high school girls, high school girls> high school boys.