细胞核是细胞的主要组成部分之一,对细胞的生理作用来说,它占着首要的地位,特别在细胞的繁殖、遗传、和发育等方面起着决定性的作用,这是生物学者们所公认的事实。过去,对细胞核的研究仅限于生物学上的描述或用生物学的方法来研究。近年来则已渐渐深入到生物化学的水平,从细胞的化学结构和化学作用去研究它的功能。由于细胞化学、组织化学、电子显微术、和示踪原子等方法的进展,学者们已能进一步认识细胞核的作用。本文就这方面的一些新的概念作一个简要的综述。细胞核的结构在叙述细胞核的机能之前,先谈一谈它的结构和化学成分是有必要的。一般的细胞核具有核膜,核的内容则主要包含着核夜、染色粒和核仁。根据卡伦等人(Callen et al.)的见解,核膜的结构可能分内外两层,内层是均一性的薄膜,外层则是多孔性的,其小孔 The nucleus is one of the major components of a cell. It plays a primary role in the physiological function of a cell, and plays a decisive role in cell proliferation, heredity and development, which is recognized by biologists fact. In the past, the study of the nucleus was limited to biological description or biological methods. In recent years, it has gradually deepened to the level of biochemistry, from the chemical structure of the cell and the chemical role to study its function. Due to advances in cytochemistry, histochemistry, electron microscopy, and tracer atoms, scholars have been able to further understand the role of the nucleus. This article gives a brief overview of some of the new concepts in this area. The structure of the nucleus Before describing the function of the nucleus, it is necessary to talk about its structure and chemical composition. The general nucleus has a nuclear membrane, the nuclear content is mainly contained nuclear night, dye particles and nucleolus. According to Karen et al. (Callen et al.), The structure of the nuclear membrane may be divided into two layers inside and outside, the inner layer is a uniform film, the outer layer is porous, and its pores