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目的:测量青少年上气道的形态指标变化情况及男女性别之间的差别,为唇腭裂患者腭咽闭合手术和术后评估提供参考依据。方法:选择57例青少年患者,按年龄分组,第1组10～13岁、第2组14～18岁。利用Mimics软件对上气道结构进行三维重建,测量鼻咽、腭咽、舌咽体积和长度以及上气道截面积。结果:第1组中女性的鼻咽体积、腭咽体积、舌咽体积、横截面积以及男性的腭咽体积、舌咽体积、腭咽长度、横截面积与年龄有明显相关性,女性鼻咽体积大于男性。第2组中各测量值与年龄均未发现明显相关性,男性腭咽长度大于女性。结论:在青春发育期的早期阶段,上气道随着年龄增大的变化较明显,而在青春发育的晚期上气道随着年龄的变化不明显;青春期早期女性鼻咽比男性大、青春晚期的男性的腭咽比女性长。
OBJECTIVE: To measure the morphological changes of upper airways in adolescents and the differences between men and women, and to provide a reference for the velopharyngeal closure surgery and postoperative evaluation in patients with cleft lip and palate. Methods: Fifty-seven adolescent patients were selected and divided into groups according to age. Group 1 was 10-13 years old and group 2 was 14-18 years old. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the upper airway structure was performed using the Mimics software to measure the volume and length of the nasopharynx, velopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal and upper airway cross-sectional area. Results: In the first group, the nasopharyngeal volume, the pharyngeal cavity volume, the pharyngeal cavity volume, the cross-sectional area and the male pharyngeal cavity volume, the glossopharyngeal volume, the velopharyngeal length and the cross-sectional area were significantly correlated with the age. Pharyngeal volume greater than men. In group 2, no significant correlation was found between the measured values and the age, and the male palate length was longer than the female. CONCLUSION: In the early stage of puberty, the upper airway changes more obviously with age, while the upper airway does not change obviously with age at the late stage of puberty. In early adolescence, the nasopharyngeal volume is higher in young women than in men The late palate is longer than the female.