目的评价慢性根尖周炎一次性根管治疗的临床效果和可靠性。方法将临床诊断为慢性根尖周炎的单根管患牙140颗分为A、B两组,每组70颗。A组行一次治疗内完成根管预备和根管充填,B组70颗患牙经两次治疗后完成根管充填。观察两组术后疼痛状况,评价术后6个月1、a、2 a的治愈率。比较两组的临床疗效。结果根管治疗后AB两组术后疼痛率的差异无统计学意义,术后6个月1、a2、a A组治愈率为60.0%、77.1%、94.3%,B组治愈率为54.3%、71.4%、91.4%。两组治愈率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论一次性根管治疗的术后疼痛和2 a治愈率与两次性差异不大,且疼痛期较短,具有一定的临床可行性。 Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and reliability of one-time root canal therapy of chronic apical periodontitis. Methods One hundred and fourteen patients with single root canal diagnosed as chronic apical periodontitis were divided into A and B groups, with 70 in each group. In group A, root canal preparation and root canal filling were completed within one treatment. In group B, 70 teeth were treated with root canal filling twice after treatment. The postoperative pain status was observed in two groups, and the cure rate at 1 month, 2 months and 6 months after operation was evaluated. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared. Results There was no significant difference in the postoperative pain rate between the two groups after root canal treatment. The cure rates at 1 month, 2 months and 2 months after operation were 60.0%, 77.1% and 94.3%, respectively. The cure rate in group B was 54.3% , 71.4%, 91.4%. There was no significant difference in cure rate between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusions The postoperative pain and the 2-year cure rate of one-time root canal therapy are not significantly different from those of two-time, and the pain period is short, so it has some clinical feasibility.