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目的分析研究贵阳地区燃煤型氟中毒病区儿童中毒与食物氟污染情况,为本市氟中毒的治理和预防提供科学实践依据。方法对本市13个辖区中的125个街道、19个镇、9个乡的6~10岁在读学生氟斑牙发病情况和本市燃煤方式、食物保存于干燥方法进行调查研究。结果在本次调查中,调查人口总计46071人,患有氟斑牙者4405人,氟斑牙发病率为9.56%;缺损型氟斑牙患儿101人,缺损率为0.22%;6、7、8、9、10岁儿童氟斑牙发病率分别为5.36%、5.59%、6.38%、6.47%、6.71%,氟斑牙发病率随儿童年龄的增加而呈现出持续上升趋势;在739个病区村中,氟斑牙发病率超过30.0%的病区村共计47个,主要分布在花溪区、乌当区、观山湖区、白云区、新店镇、云岩区六个区;所调查17282户村民中将大米作为主食的共有17039户,大米占主食结构的98.59%,部分居民将玉米作为主食;氟中毒区居民主要以煤为常用燃料,而对沼气、电和天然气等新能源的使用率普遍偏低。结论与以往相比,本市氟中毒范围和病情程度均有所改善,但仍需改良炉灶降低氟污染,将预防与治理有机结合,进而消除燃煤型氟中毒对居民造成的威胁。
Objective To analyze the situation of children’s poisoning and food fluorine contamination in the area of coal-burning fluorosis in Guiyang, and to provide scientific basis for the management and prevention of fluoride poisoning in this city. Methods The incidence of dental fluorosis and the way of burning coal in 125 students, 19 towns and 9 townships of 6 to 10 years old in 13 districts in our municipality were studied. Results In this survey, the total population was 46,071, with 4405 dental fluorosis and 9.56% dental fluorosis; the defect rate was 0.22% in children with dental fluorosis; the defect rate was 0.22%; 6,7 The prevalence rates of dental fluorosis in children aged 8, 9 and 10 years were 5.36%, 5.59%, 6.38%, 6.47% and 6.71% respectively. The incidence of dental fluorosis showed an increasing trend with the increase of children’s age. In the ward villages, there are 47 ward villages with the incidence of dental fluorosis over 30.0%, mainly distributed in six districts of Huaxi, Wudang, Guanshanhu, Baiyun, Xindian and Yunyan; 17,282 villagers in the rice as a staple food a total of 17,039, rice accounted for 98.59% of the staple food structure, some residents of corn as the staple food; fluoride poisoning area mainly coal as a common fuel, and biogas, electricity and natural gas and other new energy sources Usage generally low. Conclusion Compared with the past, the scope and severity of fluorosis in our city have been improved. However, we still need to improve the stove to reduce the fluorine pollution, combine the prevention with the management, and then eliminate the threat to the residents caused by the coal-burning fluorosis.