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波特五力模型是哈佛商学院的大学教授迈克尔·波特(Michael Porter)于20世纪80年代初提出,它认为行业中存在着决定竞争规模和程度的五种力量,这五种力量综合起来影响着产业的吸引力以及现有企业的竞争战略决策。五种力量分别为同行业内现有竞争者的竞争能力、潜在竞争者进入的能力、替代品的替代能力、供应商的议价能力、购买者的议价能力。如下图所示:
Porter’s Five Force Model, a professor at Harvard Business School who was proposed by Michael Porter in the early 1980s, argues that there are five forces in the industry that determine the scale and extent of competition, Affect the attractiveness of the industry and the competitive strategy of existing enterprises. The five forces are respectively the competitiveness of existing competitors in the same industry, the ability of potential competitors to enter, the substitution ability of substitutes, the bargaining power of suppliers and the bargaining power of buyers. As shown below: