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马克思和新制度经济学构建制度的方法存在着根本的分歧。新制度经济学在继承和发展古典个体主义分析方法的基础上，提出了制度个体主义。由于武断地认为制度是个人选择的产物，新制度经济学的制度分析就必然以个人为理论出发点、以致陷入“人与社会相互决定、无限倒推”的二律背反的困境之中，无法真正把握制度的本质和发展变迁的规律。而马克思则以唯物史观为基础，通过批判各种古典个体主义分析方法，在充分肯定人类生存需求的作用的基础上，从人类系统与自然界系统间的关系入手，引入社会实践，从满足需求的方式、社会手段入手，抓住人类征服自然、改造自然的生产活动在历史发展中的主导地位这个关键，建立起制度整体主义分析方法，克服了制度个体主义分析方法的种种缺陷。
There are fundamental differences between Marx and the method of institution-building in New Institutional Economics. Based on the inheritance and development of the method of analyzing classical individualism, the new institutional economics puts forward system individualism. Due to arbitrarily thinking that system is the product of individual choice, the institutional analysis of new institutional economics inevitably takes individual as theoretical starting point and falls into the dilemma of “the reciprocal decision between man and society, unlimited pushback”, and can not really grasp the system The nature and the law of development and change. Based on the historical materialism, Marx criticizes all kinds of classical individualism analysis methods, on the basis of fully affirming the function of human survival needs, starting from the relationship between human system and the natural system, introducing social practice to meet the demand And social means, and grasps the key of mankind’s conquest of nature and the transformation of natural productive activities in the historical development. It has established institutional holism analysis methods and overcame the shortcomings of institutional individualism analysis methods.