肌紧张异常一词,于1911年由Oppenheim首先用来描述维持姿势和身体不同部位的肌强直与阵发性痉挛,肌张力过低与过高交替出现。多数为原发性扭转性肌紧张异常,可散发亦可遗传。其生化和病理生理机制,尚不太明了。以部位分为局部性、多灶性或节段性、全身性。偶有累及单侧上、下肢和面部,形成半侧肌紧张异常(HD)。自1978～1984年,作者对309例肌紧张异常作了分析。22例(7.1%)为HD,患病平均时间6年(2月～19年),男12例,女10例。发病时平均年龄36岁(2～72岁),11例(50%)发病前有局灶性神经缺陷。从发生局灶体征至出现异常姿势平均潜伏期4年,而例1～6,在7岁前曾有脑损伤,平均潜伏期为9.7年(1月～32年)。成人均在损伤后半年内发生HD。脑CT见 The term “muscle tone” was first used by Oppenheim in 1911 to describe the maintenance of posture and muscle rigidity and paroxysmal spasms in different parts of the body, with hypotony and hypermotility alternating. Most of the primary torsades denervation can be distributed but also genetic. Its biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms, is not yet clear. The site is divided into local, multifocal or segmental, systemic. Occasional involvement of unilateral upper and lower extremities and the face, the formation of half-muscle tension (HD). From 1978 to 1984, the authors analyzed 309 cases of muscle tone abnormalities. Twenty-two patients (7.1%) were HD with a mean duration of 6 years (ranged from 2 to 19 years). There were 12 males and 10 females. The average age at onset was 36 years (range, 2 to 72 years) and focal neurological deficits occurred in 11 cases (50%) before onset. From the occurrence of focal signs to abnormal posture average latency of 4 years, while cases 1 to 6, had brain injury before the age of 7, the average incubation period was 9.7 years (January to 32 years). Adults were HD within six months after injury. See CT brain