众所周知,上一世纪,人们曾经就什么是正确的史学方法论争论不休。争论的一方认为,在方法论方面,史学与自然科学相似,因为史学必须提出规律性的概括,然后通过经验加以检验。另一方则认为,历史学家必须努力解释和理解历 It is a well-known fact that in the last century there has been a constant debate over what is the correct methodology of historiography. The arguing party thinks that historiography is similar to natural science in terms of methodology because historiography must make regular summaries and then test them through experience. On the other hand, historians must strive to explain and understand the calendar