随着人类经济活动的不断发展,地下建筑物亦与日俱增。诸如,铁路和公路隧道,地下仓库及停车场,地下厂房地下商业及娱乐区,人防及军事工程,地下铁道,各种大型水电水工专用隧道及管道,超高层建筑的地下室部分……等。综观这些人工地下建筑的发展趋势,可以概括为:长、大、高深、难和现代化。所谓长, With the continuous development of human economic activities, underground buildings have also increased. Such as railway and highway tunnels, underground warehouses and parking lots, underground commercial and entertainment areas underground, civil defense and military engineering, underground railways, various large-scale hydropower hydraulic tunnels and pipelines, basement parts of super high-rise buildings, etc. Looking at the development trend of these artificial underground buildings can be summarized as: long, large, profound, difficult and modern. The so-called long,