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长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)是长度超过200nt非编码蛋白的ncRNA,参与调节生物学过程如基因转录、蛋白合成。研究发现lncRNA可通过与相关的DNA、RNA和蛋白质相互作用调节基因表达,通过各种机制与人类疾病密切相关,尤其与系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿关节炎等多种自身免疫病相关。了解它们之间的关系,有助于我们进一步了解自身免疫病的分子机制,为开发治疗药物提供帮助。本文综述lncRNA的分类、结构和作用机制,以及近年来关于lncRNA参与自身免疫病发生发展的研究进展。
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is an ncRNA that is over 200 nt in length and encodes a protein that is involved in the regulation of biological processes such as gene transcription and protein synthesis. It has been found that lncRNA can regulate gene expression through its interaction with related DNA, RNA and protein, and is closely related to human diseases through various mechanisms, especially related to various autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Understanding the relationship between them helps us to understand more about the molecular mechanisms of autoimmune diseases and to help develop therapies. This article reviews the classification, structure and mechanism of lncRNA, as well as the research progress of lncRNA involved in the development of autoimmune diseases in recent years.