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目的探讨福建省猩红热发病趋势和流行特征,为制订防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对福建省2008~2012年猩红热疫情资料进行分析。结果 2008~2012年福建省累计报告猩红热1 152例,年均发病率为0.63/10万,2011年发病率较往年大幅升高,疫情呈散发状态。猩红热发病率,2008~2012分别为0.46/10万、0.45/10万、0.32/10万、1.09/10万、0.82/10万。2008~2012年年均发病率最高的是厦门市(3.72/10万),其他地区均低于1/10万,不同年份发病率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男性为0.79/10万,女性为0.46/10万(P<0.01);不同地区发病率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。发病年龄以<10岁儿童为主,其中发病率较高的有3~4岁(6.63/10万),4~5岁(9.82/10万),5~6岁(9.27/10万),6~7岁(6.92/10万)。幼托儿童占58.14%,散居儿童占39.52%,学生占35.29%;高发期集中在4~6月和12~1月。结论福建省猩红热发病以散发为主,幼托儿童、散居儿童和学生是防治的重点人群;此外,应努力提高实验室诊断水平,积极开展病原学监测工作。
Objective To explore the trend and epidemic characteristics of scarlet fever in Fujian Province and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic data of scarlet fever in Fujian province from 2008 to 2012. Results From 2008 to 2012, a total of 1 152 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Fujian Province, with an average annual incidence of 0.63 / 100 000. The incidence in 2011 was significantly higher than that in previous years, and the epidemic situation was exuded. The incidence of scarlet fever was 0.46 / lakh, 0.45 / lakh, 0.32 / lakh, 1.09 / lakh and 0.82 / lakh respectively in 2008-2012. The average annual incidence rate in 2008 ~ 2012 was Xiamen (3.72 / 100000), the incidence was lower than 1/10 million in other areas, the incidence of different years was statistically significant (P <0.01); the male was 0.79 / 100000, and 0.46 / 100000 women (P <0.01). There was significant difference in the incidence of different regions (P <0.01). The age of onset was mainly in children <10 years of age. Among them, the incidence rates were higher in children aged 3 to 4 years (6.63 / 100,000), 4-5 years (9.82 / 100,000), 5-6 years (9.27 / 100,000) 6 to 7 years old (6.92 / 100,000). Child care accounted for 58.14%, scattered children accounted for 39.52%, students accounted for 35.29%; high incidence period concentrated in April to June and December to January. Conclusions The incidence of scarlet fever in Fujian Province is mainly distributed. Pre-nursery children, diaspora children and students are the key populations for prevention and treatment. In addition, efforts should be made to raise the level of laboratory diagnosis and actively carry out etiological monitoring.