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马克思在研究资本主义经济规律的时候,曾经预言:资本主义自由竞争会引起生产集中,而生产集中发展到一定阶段,必然形成垄断。列宁根据马克思主义的基本原理,对帝国主义的实质、基本特征和基本矛盾进行了全面系统的研究,科学地揭示了帝国主义产生、发展和它必然要过渡到社会主义的客观规律。但是,帝国主义被社会主义所取代是一个长期的历史过程,无产阶级在坚信其必然灭亡的同时,不排除借鉴其组织社会化大生产的经验。一、资本主义发展的历史阶段性资本主义经济制度在其发展中经历了两个基本历史阶段:自由资本主义阶段和垄断资本主义阶段即帝国主义阶段。19世纪60-70年代,自由资本主义的发展达到了顶点。当时,垄断组织还只是一点不甚明显的萌芽。在19世纪的最后30年,从自由资本主义向帝国主义的过渡完成了。到19世纪末、20世纪初,垄断组织成了资本主义全部经济生活的一种基础。这时,资本主义就进入了帝国主义阶段。
In studying the economic laws of capitalism, Marx once predicted that free competition of capitalism would cause concentration of production, and that concentrated development of production to a certain stage inevitably led to the formation of a monopoly. Based on the basic tenets of Marxism, Lenin conducted a comprehensive and systematic study of the essence, basic characteristics and basic contradictions of imperialism and scientifically revealed the objective law of the birth and development of imperialism and its inevitable transition to socialism. However, the replacement of imperialism by socialism is a long-standing historic process. The proletariat, while firmly believing that it will inevitably die out, does not rule out borrowing from the experience of organizing its socialized mass production. I. Historical Stages of Capitalist Development The capitalist economic system has undergone two basic historical stages in its development: the stage of liberal capitalism and the stage of monopoly capitalism, that is, the stage of imperialism. During the 1960s and 1970s, the development of free capitalism culminated. At that time, the monopoly was still a little less obvious. In the last thirty years of the nineteenth century, the transition from free capitalism to imperialism was completed. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, monopolies became a foundation of all the economic life of capitalism. At this time, capitalism entered the stage of imperialism.