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生物体的各种性状遗传给子代,要通过生殖细胞中的特殊遗传单位,这些单位一般称为基因。在染色体上的基因呈线性排列。当细胞分裂时基因能自身复制。随着分子生物学的发展,现在确认基因的物质基础主要是细胞核染色质中的脱氧核糖核酸(简称DNA)。基因工程学(或遗传工程学)是分子生物学中较活跃的领域和重要分枝之一。它的目的是借助于实验室方法把各种基因做人工剪接以得到新遗传性状的有机体(动物、植物、微生物)。它的发展对于工农业许多问题的解决,对于医药学的理论和实践,都具有
The various traits of living organisms are inherited to offspring and passed through specific genetic units in germ cells, which are generally referred to as genes. Genes on the chromosome are arranged linearly. When the cell divides, the gene can replicate itself. With the development of molecular biology, it is now confirmed that the material basis of the gene is mainly deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the chromatin of the nucleus. Genetic engineering (or genetic engineering) is one of the more active fields and important branches of molecular biology. Its purpose is to artificially splicing various genes by laboratory methods to get new genetically modified organisms (animals, plants, microbes). Its development is a solution to many problems in industry and agriculture. For the theory and practice of medicine, it has