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在农业生产中,地上是作物栽培,地下是土壤耕作,二者应该并重,相辅相成,根深叶茂,本固枝荣。地上调控作物植株,地下是调控土壤微生物和作物根系双重活体。土壤是作物生活的基质,它不仅给作物以物理支持,而且提供作物生活所需要的水分和养分土壤耕作就是通过农机具的机械力量作用于土壤,调整耕作层和地面状况,以调节土壤水分、空气、温度和养分的关系,为作物播种、出苗和生长发育创造一个松、净、平、暖、肥的土壤环境。土壤耕作是在一定的时间和空间内进行的。在不同的时间、气候、土壤、作物环境里实施同一耕作措施,其效果大不相同,甚至截然相反。因此,正确运用耕作措施,以达到耕作质量高、工效高、成本低,就成为必须遵循的基本技术原则。根据作物对土壤条件的要求,土壤耕层为作物提供水、肥、气热以及配合有关农业技术的需要都没达到土壤耕作目标的要求归纳起来,土壤耕作的主要问题有如下四点:
In agricultural production, the crop is cultivated on the ground and the soil is plowed underground. Both should be given equal importance to each other and complement each other. On the ground regulation of crop plants, the underground is to regulate soil microorganisms and crop roots double live. Soil is the matrix of crop life. It not only provides physical support to the crops, but also provides the water and nutrients needed for crop life. Tillage refers to the action of agricultural machinery on the soil and the adjustment of the tillage and ground conditions to regulate soil moisture, Air, temperature and nutrients to create a pine, net, flat, warm and fat soil environment for crop planting, emergence and growth. Soil cultivation is carried out within a certain time and space. The same tillage practices implemented in different times, climates, soils and crop environments have very different and even opposite effects. Therefore, the correct application of tillage measures to achieve high tillage, high efficiency, low cost, it has become the basic technical principles must be followed. According to the requirements of the crop on soil conditions, soil plowing to provide water, fertilizer, air heat for crops and meet the requirements of agricultural technology have not reached the goal of soil cultivation. To sum up, the main problems of soil cultivation are as follows four points: