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采用廉价易得并且无污染的有机废弃物、无机矿物为包膜材料对尿素进行包膜,试制出2种环境友好型包膜尿素(FU和YU),通过“静态吸收”法和“土柱淋溶”法研究2种包膜尿素的氨气挥发规律及养分释放特征。结果表明:在低施氮量和高施氮量条件下,2种肥料处理均能不同程度地减少氨气挥发损失和氮素淋溶损失,与Ur处理相比,FU和YU处理氨挥发量最高减少21.22%和38.00%。随着淋溶时间的增加,各处理淋溶液pH逐渐降低,且Ur下降幅度最大,YU最小,呈现YUFU>YU。在第8,9天开始出现硝态氮最大淋溶速率,且YU处理较Ur处理分别降低26.98%(低施氮量)和21.07%(高施氮量),FU处理较Ur处理分别降低6.98%(低施氮量)和8.95%(高施氮量),在淋溶后期包膜尿素的铵态氮、硝态氮的淋溶速率均有所增加,延长了有效氮的持续时间。2种环境友好型包膜尿素中以有机废弃物为包膜材料的实验效果最佳。
Urea was coated by using cheap and easy-to-obtain organic pollutants and inorganic minerals as coating materials. Two types of environment-friendly urea-coated urea (FU and YU) were produced by “static absorption” and " Study on ammonia volatilization and nutrient release characteristics of two kinds of coated urea by soil column leaching method. The results showed that under both low and high nitrogen application rates, the two kinds of fertilizers could reduce ammonia volatilization loss and nitrogen leaching loss to some extent. Compared with Ur treatment, the contents of ammonia volatilization The maximum reduction of 21.22% and 38.00%. With the increase of leaching time, the pH of leaching solution gradually decreased, and the maximum decrease of Ur and the minimum of YU showed the tendency of YU FU> YU. At the 8th and 9th day, the maximum leaching rate of nitrate nitrogen began to appear, and the treatment with YU reduced 26.98% (low nitrogen application) and 21.07% (high nitrogen application) respectively compared with that of Ur treatment, the treatment with FU decreased by 6.98 (Low nitrogen application rate) and high nitrogen application rate (8.95%), the leaching rates of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in coated urea increased at the late stage of leaching, prolonging the duration of available nitrogen. Among the two kinds of environment-friendly coated urea, organic waste was the best coating material.