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通过室内试验,评价了11种农药对3龄小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)幼虫的毒性及其天敌草间小黑蛛的安全性。研究结果表明,苏云金杆菌、氟虫腈、溴虫腈、多杀菌素和丁醚脲对小菜蛾3龄幼虫的杀虫效果最好,致死率达100%;啶虫隆和巴丹效果次之,致死率分别为90.0%和87.5%。对于草间小黑蛛Erigonidium graminicolum(Sunderall)幼蛛,丁醚脲、苏云金杆菌、虫酰肼、啶虫隆的初始毒性和持续毒性均较低,接触药膜48h后致死率都低于30%;而对于草间小黑蛛成蛛,除阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯和巴丹外,其余8种农药毒性较低,死亡率低于20%;综合11种农药对小菜蛾和蜘蛛的毒性,苏云金杆菌、丁醚脲、多杀菌素的选择毒性最好,优先推荐在蜘蛛等天敌多的季节使用。
Through laboratory tests, the toxicity of eleven pesticides to 3rd-instar Plutella xylostella (L.) larvae and the safety of their natural enemies. The results showed that Bacillus thuringiensis, fipronil, chlorfenapyr, spinosad and diafenthiracil had the best insecticidal effect on the 3rd instar larvae of the diamondback moth, with a lethal rate of 100% The lethal rates were 90.0% and 87.5% respectively. The initial toxicity and sustained toxicity of diafenthiuron, diafenthiuron, tebufenozide and acetamiprid were lower for Erigonidium graminicolum (Sunderall) sp. , While for the spathiphyllum arachnids, except for abamectin, alpha-cypermethrin and batane, the remaining eight pesticides were less toxic and the mortality rate was less than 20%. Toxicity of eleven pesticides to diamondback moth and spider , Bacillus thuringiensis, diafenthiuron, spinosad selection toxicity is the best, priority in spiders and other predators and more seasonal use.