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目的:调查本地区学龄前儿童锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、铅(Pb)元素的基本状况,为本地区指导学龄前儿童营养饮食提供依据。方法:采取随机抽样方法,随机抽取本地区2010~2012年3~6岁在读幼儿园儿童4 182例,其中男性2 292例,女性1 890例。使用原子吸收分光光度计测定锌、铁、钙、铅元素含量。结果:2010~2012年男、女童锌、铁元素含量逐年升高,钙元素呈下降趋势、铅中毒率也逐年降低;男、女童之间锌元素含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),2010年男、女童之间铅中毒率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男童铁、钙元素含量在2011~2012年差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),锌元素含量在2010~2011年差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);女童锌、钙元素含量在2010~2012年差异有统计学意义,铅中毒率在2010~2011年差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:应注意不同时期学龄前儿童的营养指标,做到早发现、早治疗。
Objective: To investigate the basic status of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca) and lead (Pb) in preschool children in this area and provide the basis for guiding the nutritional diet of preschool children in this area. Methods: A random sampling method was used to randomly select 4 182 children aged 3 ~ 6 years in kindergarten from 2010 to 2012 in our region, including 2 292 males and 1890 females. Determination of zinc, iron, calcium and lead using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The contents of zinc and iron in male and female girls increased year by year from 2010 to 2012, the calcium content decreased and the lead poisoning rate also decreased year by year. The zinc content between boys and girls was statistically significant (P <0.01) There was a significant difference in lead poisoning rates between boys and girls in 2010 (P <0.01). The contents of iron and calcium in boys were significantly different from 2011 to 2012 (P <0.01), while there was a significant difference in the content of zinc between 2010 and 2011 (P <0.01). The contents of zinc and calcium in boys were in 2010 ~ 2012 difference was statistically significant, the lead poisoning rate in 2010 ~ 2011 difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion: Attention should be paid to nutritional indicators of preschool children in different periods so that early detection and early treatment can be achieved.