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近代以来西方哲学的研究重点发生了根本的转向,即从传统的本体论向认识论方向转化。笛卡尔是这一转向的肇始者,他以弘扬理性精神为宗旨,把我思作为可靠出发点,建立了认识论的思想体系。康德继承了他的理性主义精神,同时对笛卡尔“天赋观念”无所不能的认识能力进行了批判,建立了以先天综合判断为模式的认识论体系。胡塞尔继承了康德理性批判的精神,克服了康德的二元论倾向,把理性精神贯彻到底,以现象学作为认识的根本方法,实现了科学精神和人文精神的统一,建立了严格科学的形而上学思想体系。
Since the modern times, the focus of the study of western philosophy has undergone a fundamental shift from the traditional ontology to epistemology. Descartes was the initiator of this turning point. Taking the promotion of a rational spirit as his purpose, Cartesian thought as a reliable starting point and established the ideological system of epistemology. Kant inherited his rationalism, at the same time, he criticized Descartes ’omnipotent understanding of “natural ideas ” and established an epistemological system based on innate comprehensive judgment. Husserl inherited the spirit of Kantian rational criticism, overcoming Kant ’s tendency of dualism, implementing rational spirit to the end, using phenomenology as the basic method of cognition, realizing the unification of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit and establishing strict and scientific metaphysics thought system.