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在美、日等国家中,常采用益本比(B/C)法和内部回收率(IRR)法作为水电工程规计中的经济比较方法,选择其中(B/C)或IRR最大值作为经济上最有利的准则,其优点为简明易行,缺点是一般从本工程的利益出发,缺乏考虑方案间补充投资的益本比(或称边际益本比△B/△C)和补充投资的内部回收率(或称边际内部回收率△IRR)。苏联现在采用电力系统折算年计算支出最小作为经济比较的准则,体现了电力工业生产资料的公有制,但计算公式中额定效果系数ε_H和时间换算系数e_n则仍缺乏足够的论证;我国最近建议电力系统总弗用或其年值弗用NF最小作为水电工程经济分析的比较准则,有理论基础,但计算比较繁琐。 本文拟对上述各种经济比较准则和计算方法进行评述,並建议对某些计算进行简化,最后举例加以说明。
In the United States, Japan and other countries, we often use the cost-benefit ratio (B / C) method and the internal recovery rate (IRR) method as the economic comparison method in the hydropower project planning, which the (B / C) or IRR maximum The most economically beneficial criterion has the advantage of being simple and straightforward. The disadvantage is that generally, it is in the interest of this project that there is a lack of consideration of the cost-benefit ratio (or the marginal benefit ratio ΔB / ΔC) of supplementary investment between programs and supplementary investment The internal recovery rate (or marginal internal recovery rate △ IRR). The Soviet Union now uses the power system annualized calculation of the minimum calculation of expenditure as a guideline for economic comparison, reflecting the public ownership of the means of production of power industry, but the calculation of the nominal efficiency coefficient ε_H and the time conversion coefficient e_n still lacks sufficient evidence; China recently proposed power system The total use of fu or its annual value of NF minimum NF as a comparative criterion for economic analysis of hydropower projects, a theoretical basis, but the calculation is more cumbersome. This article intends to comment on the various economic comparison criteria and calculation methods mentioned above, and suggests that some calculations should be simplified. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate this.