肾胚胎瘤肾胚胎瘤是儿童泌尿系最常见的恶性肿瘤,发生率为7.8人/每百万儿童/每年,美国每年有600多例新病人。肿瘤以遗传和非遗传形式出现,前者肿瘤出现年龄早,常为双侧和多中心肿瘤。所有双侧肿瘤及15～20%的单侧肿瘤为遗传性肿瘤,已肯定其与无虹膜、偏身肥大和先天尿路畸形有关。诊断:患儿多因腹部胀大或肿块就诊;肉眼血尿罕见,50%有镜下血尿;60%有高血压,继发于肿瘤浸润所致肾缺血或肿瘤自身分泌的肾素;尚有厌食、不适、发热及体重下降,呕吐不常见,多见于晚期患儿。测定尿的儿茶盼胺可排除神经母细胞瘤。有先天畸形的患儿应行染色体检查。IVP 可确立放射学诊断,10%表现为患肾无功能,提示肿瘤广泛累 Kidney embryonal kidney neoplasms are the most common malignant tumors in children urinary tract, the incidence was 7.8 people / million children / year, the United States every year there are more than 600 new patients. Tumors occur in both genetic and non-genetic forms. The former appear to be older and usually have bilateral and multicentric tumors. All bilateral tumors and 15-20% of unilateral tumors are hereditary tumors that have been affirmed for their association with no iris, bulky hypertrophy, and congenital urinary tract abnormalities. Diagnosis: Children with swollen or lump due to abdominal surgery; gross hematuria rare, 50% microscopic hematuria; 60% have high blood pressure, secondary to tumor infiltration caused by renal ischemia or tumor secretion of renin itself; there are Anorexia, malaise, fever and weight loss, vomiting is not common, more common in children with advanced disease. Determination of urine in children with tryptamine can exclude neuroblastoma. Children with congenital malformations should be chromosomal examination. IVP can establish radiological diagnosis, 10% showed no function of the kidney, suggesting that the tumor is extensively tired