In the present study, we applied the frozen probe to freeze the muscle in-situ to disrupt any cellular elements of the local muscle graft, but blood vessels to the muscle were carefully preserved. Radioactive microspheres were employed to visualize the blood supply to the muscle immediately and 3 and 7days after operation. Immunohistochemical staining was also used to observe Schwann cell migration, axon regeneration and basement membrane in the muscle graft over the first 10 days following grafting. It revealed that the frozen in-situ muscle grafts were revascularized within the first 3 days, which leads to fast migration of macrophages and Schwann cells: the former, clearing away obstacle earlier, and the later, having been demonstrated to be a prerequisite for regeneration on axons into nerve grafts. They really reflected in the final result—early incursion of regenerating axons, the more regenerating axons at early stage both in graft and distal stumps, and the thicker myelin sheath of regenerating axons. It is concluded that this new technique is hopeful in the clinical use to repair a large gap of damaged major peripheral nerve.