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干细胞的无限自我更新和增殖分化的特性,为治疗神经系统疾病带来了希望,其中间充质干细胞(MSCs)具有分化成间质起源的任意组织包括神经组织的潜能,使其作为最佳种子细胞在组织工程中令人看好。但不少学者对间充质干细胞的这种可塑性持相反意见。神经干细胞可分化为不同类型的神经细胞,大多神经干细胞移植实验显示胶质细胞占较大比例。胚胎干细胞可分化为包括神经谱系在内的各种细胞谱系,目前有3种分化为神经细胞的方法,包括视黄酸诱导法、谱系选择法及基质细胞诱导法。少突胶质前体细胞是一种重要的神经前体细胞,表达趋化因子受体CXCR4,并受到CXCL12的调节。血小板衍生生长因子、纤毛状神经营养因子与白血病抑制因子都可促进其分化。
The unlimited self-renewal and proliferation-and-differentiation of stem cells offers promise for the treatment of neurological diseases where mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into any tissue, including neural tissue, of interstitial origin, making them the best seed Cells are good in tissue engineering. However, many scholars hold the opposite view about this plasticity of mesenchymal stem cells. Neural stem cells can differentiate into different types of nerve cells, and most neural stem cell transplantation experiments show that glial cells account for a large proportion. Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into various cell lineages including neural lineages. There are currently three methods for differentiation into neural cells, including retinoic acid induction, lineage selection and stromal cell induction. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells are an important precursor of neural precursor cells that express the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and are regulated by CXCL12. Platelet-derived growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor can promote their differentiation.