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一、绪言由于晶体振荡器能够提供频率非常稳定的信号,故在通信以及其它许多工业部门和研究单位中获得广泛应用,其用途大致可分为通信用和测量用两种。过去,晶体振荡器采用电子管作为有源元件,而近来电子管正被晶体管取而代之。但晶体管与电子管相比,其参数易受温度、电源电压变动等的影响,故设计和使用时,必须尽量减小这种影响。另外,晶体振子是确定频率的元件,它的设计和制造也应仔细地考虑,同时,为了充分发挥它的性能,也应十分重视振荡电路的设计。对晶体振荡器的要求,根据其用途有很大区别:有的要小形轻量;有的要稳定度高;有的则要振荡频率高或满足其它特殊要求。下面准备分别叙述各种晶体振荡器的现状,力图反映各种最新的有关资料。
I. INTRODUCTION Since crystal oscillators are capable of providing signals with very stable frequencies, they are widely used in telecommunications and many other industrial sectors and research institutes, and their use can be broadly classified into two categories, communication and measurement. In the past, crystal oscillators used tubes as active components, and recently tubes have been replaced by transistors. However, compared with the transistor and the transistor, its parameters are susceptible to temperature, power supply voltage changes and other effects, so the design and use, we must minimize this effect. In addition, the crystal oscillator is to determine the frequency of the element, its design and manufacture should also be carefully considered, in order to give full play to its performance, should also attach great importance to the design of the oscillation circuit. The requirements of the crystal oscillator, according to its use is very different: some small and light weight; some to high stability; others have to oscillation frequency or meet other special requirements. Below are prepared to describe the status of various crystal oscillators, trying to reflect the latest relevant information.