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目的分析新生儿听力筛查结果及相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析2013年6月-2014年6月出生的1 242例新生儿,根据新生儿高危诊断标准将新生儿分为正常组807例和高危组435例,应用畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)和听觉诱发电位(ABR)进行初步筛查和复查并进行听力障碍诊断,对可能影响听力损伤的相关因素进行分析。结果新生儿听力筛查率为99.20%(1 242/1 252),初筛通过率为98.55%(1 224/1 242),复查率为90.02%(1 118/1 242),复查通过率为60.02%(671/1 118);不同程度听力损伤的发生率为5.59%(25/447)。正常组的初筛通过率为99.75%(805/807)与高危组的96.32%(419/435)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而正常组复查通过率为78.31%(632/807)明显高于高危组的8.97%(39/435),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高危组新生儿听力损伤发生率为3.91%(17/435)显著高于正常组的0.99%(8/807),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。新生儿性别与听力损伤率之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而胎龄、分娩方式、出生体质量及患病情况与听力损伤率之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新生儿中有较高比例的听力损伤,早产儿、剖宫产儿、低出生体质量新生儿及合并患有其他疾病的新生儿的听力更容易受到损伤。临床上应对所有听力损伤的婴儿进行针对性治疗,以保证其身体健康。
Objective To analyze the results of neonatal hearing screening and related factors. Methods A total of 1,242 newborns born from June 2013 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Neonates were divided into normal group (n = 807) and high risk group (n = 435) according to the diagnostic criteria of neonatal high risk. The distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE ) And auditory evoked potentials (ABR) for initial screening and review and diagnosis of hearing impairment, the factors that may affect hearing impairment were analyzed. Results The neonatal hearing screening rate was 99.20% (1 242/1 252), the primary screening rate was 98.55% (1 224/1 242), the reexamination rate was 90.02% (1 118/1 242), the passing rate was 60.02% (671/1 118). The incidence of hearing impairment was 5.59% (25/447). The pass rate of primary screening in normal group was 99.75% (805/807) and 96.32% (419/435) in high-risk group was no significant difference (P> 0.05), while the normal group was 78.31% (632/807) ) Was significantly higher than 8.97% (39/435) in high risk group (P <0.01). The incidence of neonatal hearing impairment in high risk group was 3.91% (17/435) which was significantly higher than that of normal group (0.99% (8/807), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Neonatal gender and hearing loss rate difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05), while gestational age, mode of delivery, birth weight and prevalence and hearing loss rate difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions A high proportion of newborn infants have hearing impairment. Premature children, cesarean section, low birth weight neonates and newborns with other diseases are more susceptible to hearing impairment. Clinically, all hearing-impaired infants should be targeted to ensure their health.