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目的了解2012年青岛市住院分娩产妇乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)检测及新生儿首针乙型肝炎疫苗(乙肝疫苗)接种情况,为进一步完善新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫策略提供依据。方法 2013年1—4月对2012年青岛市各级医疗保健机构上报的住院分娩产妇(98 006名)HBsAg检测情况及新生儿(98 006名,其中双胞胎或多胞胎按1名统计)首针乙肝疫苗接种情况监测资料进行分析,总结住院分娩产妇HBsAg检测情况、新生儿首针乙肝疫苗接种情况及新生儿未及时接种首针乙肝疫苗原因。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2012年青岛市各级医疗保健机构住院分娩产妇HBsAg检测率为98.20%,已检测产妇HBsAg阳性率为4.17%。各级医疗保健机构出生新生儿首针乙肝疫苗接种率为98.83%,及时接种率为96.43%,其中,城区及时接种率为95.23%,农村及时接种率为97.60%,比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=400.682,P<0.05)。未及时接种原因主要为患病(54.70%)、早产难产(20.39%)、低出生体重(17.29%)、发热(2.92%)及死亡(1.04%)等。结论 2012年青岛市住院分娩产妇HBsAg检测率、医院出生新生儿首针乙肝疫苗及时接种率均处于较高水平,城区首针乙肝疫苗及时接种率低于农村地区。
Objective To investigate the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in maternal inpatients and the first inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine (hepatitis B vaccine) in inpatients in Qingdao in 2012, so as to provide basis for further improving the immunization strategy of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine . Methods From January to April 2013, HBsAg detection in hospitalized delivery women (98 006) and newborns (98 006, whichever was twins or multiple births) reported by medical institutions at all levels in Qingdao in 2012 were analyzed. Hepatitis B vaccination monitoring data analysis to summarize the HBsAg detection of maternal hospital delivery, the first dose of hepatitis B vaccination in neonates and neonates are not vaccinated in the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine causes. Count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results In 2012, the detection rate of HBsAg in hospitalized women of all levels of health care institutions in Qingdao was 98.20%. The positive rate of HBsAg in tested women was 4.17%. The first-dose hepatitis B vaccination rate was 98.83% and the timely inoculation rate was 96.43%. The timely vaccination rate was 95.23% in urban areas and the timely vaccination rate in rural areas was 97.60%, with significant difference χ2 = 400.682, P <0.05). The reasons for the lack of timely inoculation were prevalence (54.70%), premature labor (20.39%), low birth weight (17.29%), fever (2.92%) and death (1.04%). Conclusion In 2012, the detection rate of HBsAg in hospitalized pregnant women and the timely vaccination rate of first-dose hepatitis B vaccination in hospital-born newborns in Qingdao were all at a high level. The timely vaccination rate of the first-phase hepatitis B vaccine in urban areas was lower than that in rural areas.