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针对一个由制造商-零售商组成的双层供应链系统,假定产品的终端市场需求与生产制造环节均存在随机不确定性,零售商在销售期之前采用双向期权契约向制造商订货,在销售期内市场需求实现之后还可向制造商发起紧急订购,紧急订购价受当时市场供需环境的影响也将表现出随机变动性。在此基础上,建立了双向期权契约机制下供应链上下游之间的博弈决策模型,研究了制造商的最佳生产计划与零售商的最优订购策略;并通过详细的数值算例揭示了双向期权契约参数的变化、终端市场需求的不确定性、成品产出的随机波动性以及紧急订购价的变动性对供应链上下游企业运作策略及运营绩效的影响。
For a two-tier supply chain system composed of manufacturer-retailer, assuming that there is a random uncertainty in both the end-product demand and the manufacturing process of a product, the retailer orders the manufacturer by a two-way option contract before the sales period, During the period after the market demand is fulfilled, emergency ordering can also be initiated to the manufacturer. The emergency ordering price will also exhibit random variation under the influence of the market supply and demand environment at the time. On this basis, the game decision-making model between the upstream and downstream of the supply chain under the two-way option contract mechanism is established, and the optimal production plan of the manufacturer and the optimal ordering strategy of the retailer are studied. The numerical examples show that The change of bidirectional option contract parameters, the uncertainty of the terminal market demand, the random volatility of the finished product output and the impact of the emergency order price volatility on the operation strategy and operation performance of upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain.