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在冲击式水轮机转轮进口处，可用能量仅仅只是射流的动能。水流离开水轮机时，理想的话，射流的全部能量应该通过在一定压力作用下的水斗转换到水轮机上。伯努利定理提供了水斗出口处流速的基本理论。利用线性动量定理可以确定由单个水斗的水流作用力转换成的总合力。由此可以算出单个水斗发出的功率，以及一股射流冲击下所有相邻水斗发出的功率，此时可以得出同时工作以转递一股射流的水斗数实际上，一个水斗显然不能吸收一股射流的全部能量。为获得最大功率输出的目的，最终推导出有关水斗速度的比值条件和可能达到的最高效果的数学表达式。
At the entry of the impulse turbine runner, the available energy is simply the kinetic energy of the jet. When the water leaves the turbine, ideally, the full energy of the jet should be transferred to the turbine by a bucket under a certain pressure. Bernoulli’s theorem provides the basic theory of the flow velocity at the outlet of a water bucket. The linear momentum theorem can be used to determine the total force converted into the water flow force of a single bucket. From this it is possible to calculate the power delivered by a single bucket and the power delivered by all the adjacent buckets under the impact of a jet. At this point, it is possible to conclude the number of buckets that work simultaneously to deliver a jet. Can not absorb the full energy of a jet. In order to obtain the maximum power output, the mathematical expression about the ratio condition of the bucket speed and the highest possible effect is finally derived.