苏联解体之初,国内外有一种观点认为,苏联的解体、俄罗斯的改制是一种进步,俄罗斯将回到“历史发展的主干道”。15年后的今天,这种观点并没有得到俄罗斯大多数人包括学者的认同。在他们看来,苏联的解体是一种倒退,它使俄罗斯走上了反现代化、去工业化的道路。在今天的俄罗斯,认为苏联应在社会主义制度下进行改革的人比主张按照资本主义方式改革的人多得多。他们从苏联解体中得出的主要教训是,“俄罗斯应该走自己的路”。 At the beginning of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, there was a view both at home and abroad that the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the restructuring of Russia were a step forward and that Russia would return to the “main road to historical development.” Fifteen years later, this view has not been endorsed by most Russians, including scholars. In their view, the disintegration of the Soviet Union was a retrograde move that put Russia on the road to anti-modernization and industrialization. In today’s Russia, there are far more people who think that the Soviet Union should carry out reforms under the socialist system than those who advocate reforms in the light of capitalism. The main lesson they learned from the dissolution of the Soviet Union was that “Russia should go its own way.”