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Objectives To observe the profile of the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-o) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and evaluate the effects of angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitor-Captopril on them in renohypertensive rats. Methods Using reformed two-kidney-one-clip (2K 1C ) method, renal hypertensive rats (RHR) were obtained by ligating abdominal aorta.30 Wistar rats were randomized into three groups:sham-operation group (A)、 model control group ( B ) and captopril group (C). All rats were killed after being given the trial drugs 5 weeks, ELISA assays were used to detect the levels of IL-6 and IL-10, the levels of TNF-alpha were measured with radioimmtmoassays.hypertrophy was aggravated in group B significantly,the ratio of left ventricle and body weight(LV/BW) was 0.00318 ±0.00030 (B)and 0.00256 ±0.00040 (A)respectively(P < 0.001 ), the levels of IL-6 and TNF-o increased significantly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.002respectively), whereas the levels of IL-10 were not compared with group B, the LV/BW was 0.00266 ±0.00018 (C) and 0.00318±0.00030 (B) respectively(P < 0.001), the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased significantly ( P < 0.01), whereas the levels of IL-10were not changed between the two groups (P > 0.05);Conclusions Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-captopril can lower the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α effectively,but can not increase the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, it suggests that captopril may have a feature to prevent or slow the development of hypertensive complications by means of lowering the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines but not by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.