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在大田生产条件下,以棉花单作为对照,设置蒜棉套作、麦棉套作处理,研究蒜棉套作与麦棉套作对棉田土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响,以揭示蒜棉、麦棉套作棉田棉花高产原因。结果显示:与单作棉田相比,蒜棉套作与麦棉套作均有利于棉田土壤中细菌、放线菌的增殖,并抑制真菌的增殖,其中蒜棉套作效果更显著;蒜棉套作0—20cm土层脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性在整个生育期显著高于棉田单作,碱性磷酸酶活性除花铃期外也均显著高于单作,过氧化氢酶在苗期与吐絮期显著高于单作;麦棉套作0—20 cm土层脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性亦在苗期、花铃期显著高于单作,碱性磷酸酶活性在蕾期显著高于单作,过氧化氢酶活性在苗期与吐絮期显著高于单作。结论:蒜棉套作与麦棉套作能提高棉田土壤微生物中细菌和放线菌的数量,有效抑制棉田连作障碍的发生。蒜棉套作与麦棉套作能提高棉田土壤相关酶活性,对棉田健康土壤的培育有积极意义。
In the field production conditions, cotton single as a control, set Garlic cotton cover, cotton cover for the treatment of Garlic cotton cover and wheat cotton cover on the soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity in order to reveal the garlic cotton, cotton cover cotton field cotton High yield reasons. The results showed that compared with monoculture cotton field, garlic-cotton intercropping system and wheat-cotton intercropping system were beneficial to the proliferation of bacteria and actinomycetes in cotton soil and inhibiting the proliferation of fungi. Garlic-cotton intercropping effect was more remarkable. The urease activity and invertase activity in 20cm soil layer were significantly higher than those in cotton field during the whole growing period, but the activities of alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher than those in single cropping except the flower-boll stage. The catalase activity was significantly higher at seeding and bolting stage In the single cropping, the urease activity and invertase activity of 0-20 cm soil layer of wheat-cotton sheath were also significantly higher than those of single cropping in the seedling stage and flower-growing stage, while the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the budding stage than that in the single cropping and hydrogen peroxide Enzymatic activities were significantly higher in seedling stage and boll opening stage than in monoculture. Conclusion: Garlic-cotton intercropping and wheat-cotton intercropping can increase the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil microorganisms in cotton field and effectively inhibit the continuous cropping obstacle in cotton field. Garlic shelling and wheat sheathing can improve the activity of soil-related enzymes in cotton field, which has positive significance to the cultivation of healthy soil in cotton field.