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本文根据历年育种实践中所观察的资料,并参考国内部分有关文献,对茶树的发酵性、茶多酚类、嫩叶颜色、茅叶茸毛、萌茅期和叶尖等六个品质性状的遗传传递性,进行一些窥测论述,从中揭示六点讯息:一、芽叶发酵性的相对遗传力,视杂交组合不同而异,F_1的表现,多为正向部分显性。二、多酚类含量的相对遗传力,多为正向部分显性,以槠叶齐×英红2号为优。三、嫩叶颜色的遗传,很大程度地倾向于母性。母代为紫或紫红色的,其子代幼苗中,以紫、红色株的比例最大;母代为绿色或黄绿色的,其子代幼苗绿色株的比重大。亲本为黄绿×黄绿的其子_1代黄绿色株的比例大(68.5—100%);凡亲本中有一为紫,且均为中、小叶类型的,则其子_1代绿色植株的比例小。因之,在进行杂交育种时应选用黄绿色的亲本为佳。四、芽叶茸毛的多少,一般品种群体中多趋近于平均值,即使白毛茶著称的品种,其子_1代茸毛平均值并不突出。但其中有少数茸毛特多的植株,确甚罕见。在白毛茶的原产区,茸毛才能得到充分表现。茸毛的杂种优势,似均为负值,其相对遗传力,似亦为负向超显性。五、萌芽期,在 F_1代中,有97%为似亲本类型。从春茶生育期(天)看,其遗传力(h~2)为中生型>早生型>晚生型;从开采期看,早生型种群,其子_1代多为早生型组成,中、晚生型种群,其子_1代多为中、晚生型组成。六、叶尖指数(β)能准确地表示叶尖尖钝的程度。叶尖指数的相对遗传力,一般为负向部分显性。其中有正向超显性和正向部分显性的,值得选择利用。
Based on the data observed in breeding practice in the past years and referring to some domestic literature, the paper analyzed the inheritance of six quality traits such as fermentability, tea polyphenols, young leaf color, Mao leaf hair, Transitivity, to conduct some snooping discussion, which reveals six messages: First, the relative heritability of bud fermentation, depending on hybrid combinations vary, F_1 performance, mostly positive part of the dominant. Second, the relative heritability of polyphenols content, mostly positive part of the dominant to Qi Ye Qi × British Red 2 as excellent. Third, the genetic color of young leaves, largely to maternal. The mother generation is purple or purple, and its progeny seedlings, the largest proportion of purple and red strains; mother generation is green or yellow-green, and its offspring seedlings green strains of large proportion. The parents of the yellow-green × yellow-green son _1 generation of yellow-green strains of large proportion (68.5-100%); where the parents of a purple, and are medium and leaflet type, then its son _1 generation of green plants Small proportion. Therefore, in the breeding of yellow-green parents should choose better. Fourth, the buds of hairy leaves, the general population of the species more or less close to the average, even if the known varieties of white tea, its son _1 average generation of hair is not prominent. However, a few of them have unusually hairy plants. In the original area of white tea, hair can be fully demonstrated. Velvet heterosis, seem to be negative, its relative heritability, likewise also negative super dominant. Fifth, the budding period, in F_1 generation, 97% is similar to the parental type. From the growth period of spring tea (days), the heritability (h ~ 2) was mesophyll> early-type> late-type. According to the exploitation period, the early- , Late-born population, its son _1 generation mostly in the late-type composition. Sixth, the tip index (β) can accurately indicate the degree of tip sharpness. The relative heritability of the leaf tip index, usually negative part of the dominant. Among them, positive overtopping and positive part dominance, it is worth to choose to use.