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目的：通过实验动物研究观察骨膜联合同种异体骨治疗骨缺损的效果，探讨其可行性及修复机制。方法以新西兰大白兔为研究对象，分为3组，即实验组、对照组和空白组。通过X线、HE染色及荧光定量PCR方法，检测骨膜联合同种异体骨修复骨缺损的效果及其可能机制。结果 X线检查显示实验组与对照组骨缺损处均已修复，空白组骨缺损处未修复；HE染色结果显示实验组新生骨小梁排列良好，仍有少量异体骨残留，对照组新生骨小梁排列整齐，空白组未见明显新生骨小梁；荧光定量PCR结果显示，术后实验组Spp-1、BMP-2基因表达高于对照组(P<0.05)，ColⅠα1基因表达低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论骨膜联合同种异体骨能够有效地促进骨缺损的修复。“,”Objective To investigate the feasibility and repair mechanism of periosteum and allogeneic bone for treatment of bone defects in the New Zealand white rabbits. Methods 48 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely, the experimental group, control group and blank group. The effect and mechanism of periosteum and allogeneic bone harvested for treatment of bone defects was determined by X-ray, real time fluorescent quantitative PCR and HE staining. Results The bone defects of the experimental group and control group healed while the bone defects of the blank group did not heal as shown by the examination of X-ray. The new bone trabecular arrangement was good in the experimental group and there was still a small amount of residual bone allograft according to HE staining. The new bone trabecular arrangement was good in the control group too. The blank group could not see clear bone trabeculae. The Spp-1 and BMP-2 gene expression of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The ColⅠα1 gene expression of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Periosteum and allogeneic bone could effectively promote the healing of bone defects.