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目的:探究近5年来上尿路结石患者尿液中细菌阳性率及细菌种类分布,并对其中的性别差异进一步探讨。方法:选取2010~2014年我院泌尿外科诊断为泌尿系上尿路结石的2 536例住院患者,回顾性调查其入院时所行的尿培养检测结果,统计这5年内尿培养的阳性率、常见的细菌种类、性别差异与尿液细菌的关系等。结果:上尿路结石患者尿液细菌阳性率在20%~40%,近年来有所下降(P<0.05);其中,大肠埃希菌仍为主要的菌种(总阳性率46.37%),粪肠球菌的感染率也逐年上升(由2010年的阳性率1.33%上升至2014年的6.64%),现成为仅次于大肠埃希菌的第2位感染细菌。在男女性别差异方面,女性患者的尿路感染率以及大肠埃希菌阳性率明显高于男性患者(P<0.05)。结论:随着医院感染控制措施的加强以及抗生素的应用,上尿路结石患者的尿路感染率逐步下降,而大肠埃希菌的阳性率仍居高不下,近年来粪肠球菌的感染也应重视。相对于男性患者,女性患者更应注意预防感染、合理应用抗生素。
Objective: To explore the bacterial positive rate and bacterial species distribution in the urine of patients with upper urinary tract stones in the recent 5 years and to further explore the gender differences among them. Methods: Totally 2 536 in-patients diagnosed as upper urinary tract calculi in our hospital from 2010 to 2014 were retrospectively surveyed and their urinary culture test results were retrospectively collected. The positive rate of urine culture in these 5 years was calculated, Common types of bacteria, gender differences and the relationship between urine bacteria. Results: The positive rate of urinary bacteria in patients with upper urinary tract stones was between 20% and 40%, which decreased in recent years (P <0.05). Among them, Escherichia coli was still the major strain (total positive rate 46.37%), Enterococcus faecalis infection rate also increased year by year (from the positive rate of 1.33% in 2010 to 6.64% in 2014), now became the second only after Escherichia coli infection of bacteria. In terms of gender differences, the prevalence of urinary tract infection and Escherichia coli in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients (P <0.05). Conclusion: With the strengthening of hospital infection control measures and the application of antibiotics, the urinary tract infection rate of patients with upper urinary tract stones gradually declines while the positive rate of Escherichia coli remains high. In recent years, the infection of Enterococcus faecalis should also be Pay attention. Relative to male patients, women should pay more attention to prevent infection, rational use of antibiotics.