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目的了解大理汉、白族7~18岁学生形态发育的动态变化,为开展有针对性的干预工作提供参考依据。方法利用Excel和SPSS17.0对2000年以来大理7~18岁汉、白族学生的4次体质健康调研数据进行统计分析。结果 2014年大理汉、白族学生身高、体重与2000年相比均有明显增长,但胸围增长不明显,且多个年龄段出现了下降;除女生胸围外,白族学生各指标的平均增幅高于汉族;汉、白族男生身高突增高峰年龄(PHA)表现出提前的趋势,而女生相对稳定;汉族学生成年身高性别差的变化不大,而白族有逐次缓慢上升的趋势;长期趋势提示汉、白族学生的身高、体重稳中有升,而胸围总体上呈现出下降的趋势。结论大理汉、白族学生形态发育各项指标总体上向良好方向发展,但仍然存在一些问题。对各民族生长发育的差异性进行深入研究,采取相应措施将有助于促进各民族学生生长发育水平的均衡发展。
Objective To understand the dynamic changes of morphological development of pupils from 7 to 18 years old in Dali and Bai nationalities and to provide a reference for carrying out targeted interventions. Methods Excel and SPSS17.0 were used to statistically analyze the data of four physical health surveys conducted by Han and Bai students aged 7-18 years since 2000 in Dali. Results In 2014, the average height and weight of Dali Han students increased significantly compared with that of 2000, but the growth of bust was not obvious and the decline appeared in several age groups. Except for the bust of girls, the average increase rate of Bai students was higher than Han nationality; Han and Bai nationality boys’ PHA showed an early trend while girls were relatively stable; Han nationality did not change much in adult height and gender, while Bai people tended to slowly increase; Long- Bai students’ height, weight steadily increased, while the overall bust showed a downward trend. Conclusion The morphological development indicators of Dali Han and Bai students generally develop in a good direction, but there are still some problems. In-depth study of the differences in the growth and development of various ethnic groups and taking corresponding measures will help to promote the balanced development of the growth and development of all ethnic groups.