Mechanical properties and texture evolutions of the as-rolled AZ31 Mg sheets were investigated. The results show that the grains of the sheets are significantly refined after hot rolling. The mechanical properties of the as-rolled samples are enhanced due to the grain size refinement. The intensity of basal texture decreases with the increase of deformation ratio, and double-peak type basal texture is discovered in the intermediate and large strain hot rolling processes. The formation of the texture is ascribed to the activities of prismatic and non-basal slips, which is the same as the 30% rolled and 50% rolled samples. The incline of basal planes exerts an effect on the mechanical anisotropy during tension along rolling direction (RD) and transverse direction (TD) at room temperature.