一、引言实际工程中的结构物往往是复杂和特殊的。在设计和计算时经常不得不采用一些简化假设和近似模拟。模型试验虽能一定程度地模拟实际,但亦无法完全满足相似条件。因此,对许多重要的工程必须进行原型结构的现场试验。近年来原型结构的现场测试技术已有了很大发展。对大坝、压力管道、渡槽、船闸、钢闸门、桥梁、予应力锚筋等的原型观测都取得了不少研究成果。而对于解决模型试验无法模拟、或计算分析时很难简化的问题;验证复杂的结 I. INTRODUCTION Structures in practical engineering are often complex and special. Oftentimes, simplified assumptions and approximate simulations have to be taken into account when designing and computing. Although the model test can simulate the actual situation to some extent, it can not completely meet the similar conditions. Therefore, many important projects must be carried out in the field of prototype structure test. In recent years, the prototype structure of the field test technology has been greatly developed. Many research achievements have been made on the prototype observation of dams, pressure pipes, aqueducts, ship locks, steel gates, bridges, prestressed anchor bars and so on. But to solve the model test can not be simulated, or computational analysis is difficult to simplify the problem; verify the complex knot